Diminished Criminal Responsibility Due to Mental Disorders Short of Insanity: An Imamī-Ḥanafī Jurisprudential Study with Reference to Positive Law

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD Graduate in Criminal Law and Criminology, Department of Law and Islamic Sciences, Al-Mustafa International University, Mashhad, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Law, Political Science and Foreign Languages, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Razavi University of Islamic Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Abstract

The term "diminished criminal responsibility", which has its roots in Western and common law, means the reduction of criminal responsibility in all cases where one of the pillars of criminal capacity, namely perception and free will, is impaired and not completely denied. From the point of view of this research, the scope of this type of responsibility is not specific to a specific crime, but due to the change and the inevitability of limited punishments, Qisas and Sharia punishments, the main discussions in this article are related to this category of crimes. The factors of disorder in the elements of criminal responsibility are numerous, but in this research, only mental disorders have been examined less than insanity. The present study has analyzed the criminal responsibility of diminished due to mental disorders in a descriptive-analytical way from the perspective of Imami and Hanafi jurisprudence and by looking at the data of criminology and customary law. The findings of this research show that, despite the lack of a comprehensive and clear point of view regarding the lack of criminal responsibility in Islamic jurisprudence and of course the dominant subject laws of the world, strong and reassuring evidence in the main sources of Islamic Sharia, i.e. the book, tradition and reason, in support of this There is a type of criminal liability.

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