Fiqhi Maxims Governing Convergence between Islamic and Non-Islamic States

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Political Jurisprudence, Faculty of Fiqh and Uṣūl, Higher Education Complex of Fiqh, Qom, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Islamic Revolution, Faculty of Islamic Revolution Studies, Islamic Maaref University, Qom, Iran.

3 Faculty Member, Department of International Relations, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Khatam Al-Nabieen University, Kabul, Afghanistan.

Abstract

Fiqhi maxims governing convergence between Islamic and non-Islamic states provide normative standards for the conduct of states and international organizations. Islamic jurisprudence and modern international law display substantial compatibility in political and economic relations, particularly in principles of peaceful interaction, treaty observance, and institutional cooperation. The central issue is how an Islamic state should engage non-Islamic states, especially non-hostile and treaty-bound partners. Through an analytical and juristic method, this study examines the principles of invitation, non-domination, reconciliation of hearts, cooperation, protection of covenants and immunities, prudential concealment where necessary, selection of the lesser harm, and removal of hardship. These principles support lawful regional and economic convergence in customs facilitation, banking, international finance, global markets, political economy, trade organizations, transportation, and collective security. The study concludes that Islamic law does not require isolation. It authorizes structured cooperation that protects dignity, independence, property, life, and treaty rights, while prohibiting domination and assistance in injustice.

Keywords

References

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Studies of Islamic Jurisprudence and Basis of Law
Volume 20, Issue 53 - Serial Number 53
September 2026
Pages 302-332

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