Legal and Fiqhi Foundations for Criminalizing Genetic Discrimination

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD Student in Criminal Law, Al-Mustafa International University, Khorasan Branch, Mashhad, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Razavi University, Mashhad, Iran (Corresponding Author).

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Jurisprudence, Al-Mustafa International University, Qom, Iran.

Abstract

Advances in the life sciences have expanded the uses of human genomic data, while misuse of such information and genetic discrimination in fields such as employment and health have created serious concerns. The absence of a clear legal framework makes it necessary to examine the legal and fiqhi bases for criminalization. The central question is whether the principles of criminalization justify legislative intervention against genetic discrimination or whether the benefits associated with genetic data prevent such intervention. Using a descriptive-analytical approach and the filtering theory of criminalization, this study argues that genetic discrimination falls within liberty-limiting principles because it violates the interests of others and undermines moral and social values. Criminal sanctions, because of their deterrent force and expressive social censure, are the most effective response. From a fiqhi perspective, access to a person's genetic information without consent and its use for discriminatory purposes are not permissible. Since no fixed punishment has been specified in revealed law, punishment may be grounded in the fiqhi rule that discretionary punishment applies to every prohibited act

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References

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