Foundations of the Legitimacy of the General Muslims' Intervention in Managing the Properties of the Incapacitated and the Absent in Imāmī Fiqh

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Theology and Islamic Studies, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran.

2 Ph.D. Candidate in Jurisprudence and Islamic Legal Fundamentals, Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Sari, Iran.

Abstract

Based on the sources of Imāmī fiqh, wilāyah at its highest level is established for the Prophet (ṣ) and the Imams (ʿa), and a level of it can also be proven for the faqīh. Similarly, a lower level of it is established for the father and grandfather with respect to their offspring. The present study, which has been written using a descriptive-analytical method, has reached the conclusion that if referral to the sharʿī judge causes hardship or the forfeiture of the rights of the incapacitated (maḥjūrīn) and the absent (ghāʾibīn), then the responsibility for managing their properties and rights is permissible for just believers (muʾminīn ʿādilīn); otherwise, the responsibility falls upon the general Muslims, who should not intervene in their non-essential matters. However, performing essential matters is obligatory upon all Muslims in the manner of wājib kifāʾī. On this basis, a Muslim may, upon the fulfillment of the conditions, intervene in managing the properties and affairs of the maḥjūrīn and ghāʾibīn, and if it is in their best interest, intervene as fuḍūlī. Of course, the eligibility of the one assuming the responsibility is of importance, because in the absence of eligibility, the responsibility for managing others' properties is substantively negated. The fiqhī evidence, including the qāʿidah iḥsān and the qāʿidah ḍarūrah, can be cited as indicators proving this responsibility for the general public. However, the scope of this responsibility is not absolute but contingent upon the fulfillment of conditions so that the nature of the subject and its scope—whether financial or non-financial—may be specified.

Keywords

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