Fiqhi Capacities of Islamic Society for Community-Based Prevention of the Economic Preconditions of Crime

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas Branch, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Jurisprudence and Foundations of Islamic Law, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.

Abstract

A substantial body of research indicates a clear link between crime and economic conditions. The role of economic factors—poverty, unemployment, income inequality, and unequal access to economic opportunity—in property offenses and in certain crimes such as homicide is undeniable. The present study offers a brief examination of the most important jurisprudential capacities of Islamic society, from acts of worship to transactions, for community-based prevention of some economic grounds of crime. In financial-economic jurisprudential teachings, Islam places its greatest emphasis on social prevention aimed at eliminating or reducing the criminal population. This does not mean that situational or punitive prevention is rejected in fiqh; rather, the principle and foundation of Islamic teachings is cultivating human beings who are inherently good and, so to speak, resilient in criminal situations. Using a descriptive-analytical method and relying on library and internet sources, this article shows that some community-oriented jurisprudential capacities have remained neglected. Based on its findings, the unmanaged capacities of khums and zakat, the non-profit qard al-hasana contract, and participatory contracts such as partnership and mudaraba—for preventing criminogenic grounds like poverty, unemployment, and economic inequality—are recommended as the most important results of the study. By contrast, exchange contracts such as lease-to-own, installment sale, debt purchase, salam, guarantee, and ju'alah, since they themselves prepare the ground for some economic contexts of crime, should be policy-designed only in a limited and minor manner in Islamic banking.

Keywords

References

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Studies of Islamic Jurisprudence and Basis of Law
Volume 20, Issue 53 - Serial Number 53
September 2026
Pages 131-152

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