The Operation of the Rule of Ilzam and Generic Set-off in Iran’s Financial and Legal Interactions

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Jurisprudence and Principles of Islamic Law, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

The rule of ilzam is one of the important fiqhi maxims governing the financial and legal relations of Shi'is with followers of other religions and schools. Weaknesses in the chain of transmission and indication of some proofs have led certain contemporary jurists to deny the existence of the rule in the transmitted evidence and to interpret the relevant rulings through an alternative rule, namely generic set-off. Although jurists have most often invoked these two maxims in matters of personal status, both have broader functions in securing the interests of followers of Imami fiqh in legal and financial interaction with other Islamic and non-Islamic communities. By examining their operation in these interactions, the study shows that the two rules may create new capacities for resolving fiqhi challenges faced by the legislator. Using a descriptive-analytical method, it compares the operation of each rule in unlawful benefits arising from Iran's financial and legal relations and establishes the permissibility of benefiting from such interests, as well as the right of generic set-off against harms caused by international legal regimes.

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