نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی ترویجی
نویسندگان
1 دکتری فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، دانشکدگان فارابی دانشگاه تهران، قم، ایران(نویسنده مسئول).
2 دانشیار دانشکدگان فارابی دانشگاه تهران، قم، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Bayʿ Muʿāṭāt (sale by conduct; sale without verbal / or written) is a common method of trade that has been the subject of differing fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) opinions. A significant and challenging aspect of these differences arises in the context of ibāḥat al-taṣarruf (permission of possession – the dominant view) and milkiyyat jāʾiz (permissive ownership) when two considerations (ʿawaḍayn) are destroyed, or when part of either is destroyed. Investigating the necessity (luzūm) or permissibility (jawāz) of the transaction in both perspectives have important implications, such as determining whether the owner can claim a real consideration or substitute compensation. The theories of ibāḥat al-taṣarruf and milkiyyat jāʾiz, and clarifying the incompatibility of their foundations in cases of ʿawaḍayn destruction – guided by the principle of aṣl al-luzūm (presumption of bindingness) in contracts – constitutes a novel approach to the issue. The purpose of this paper is to consolidate different scenarios of destruction concerning ʿawaḍayn, based on both perspectives, and to provide a precise criterion for understanding the challenges and conflicts in the foundations of these two views, in light of the aṣl al-luzūm. Therefore, the main question of this research is: What are the foundations for ruling bayʿ muʿāṭāt to be either binding (lāzim) or permissible (jāʾiz) when one or both of the ʿawaḍayn, or a part of either, is destroyed? According to the milkiyyat jāʾiz perspective, the certainty lies in the existence of the ʿawaḍayn and the possibility of their return. In the event of the destruction of one or both ʿawaḍayn, or a part of either, muʿāṭāt will be deemed binding, based on aṣālat al-luzūm in contracts. From the viewpoint of ibāḥat al-taṣarruf, the permissibility of lawful disposal is due to the shari’a’s (Islamic law) permission. Thus, the destruction of the ʿawaḍayn will be considered a loss from the owner’s property, without entailing a guarantee of equivalent or price. In this view, luzūm of muʿāṭāt is accepted even when one of the exchanged items, or part of it, is destroyed
کلیدواژهها [English]
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