نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، دانشکده الهیات و معارف اسلامی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایران.
2 استاد گروه فقه و حقوق اسلامی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The present study aims at a jurisprudential-legal analysis of the hadith "There is no harm in looking at the heads of the people of Tihamah, the Bedouins, and the people of al-Sawad..." based on a utilitarian approach. This hadith, narrated in authoritative Shi'i sources such as al-Kafi, concerns the permissibility of unintentional looking at women who, despite being forbidden, refrain from observing proper Islamic hijab. The main research question is whether, based on the principle of utilitarianism and jurisprudential rules such as "no harm" (lā ḍarar) and "warding off the greater evil by the lesser" (dafʿ al-afsaḍ bi al-fāsid), one can speak of decriminalizing unintentional looking under such circumstances. Findings indicate that the jurisprudential rule of "no harm" provides a suitable ground for a maslahah-based (interest-based) analysis of religious rulings. The hadith, by emphasizing that "enjoining good and forbidding evil" is conditional upon the possibility of effecting change, permits abandoning it when forbidding proves ineffective. This jurisprudential logic aligns with the utilitarian principles of "maximizing collective utility" and "reducing social harm." The hadith's emphasis on "unintentionality" highlights the role of intent in the criminalization of behaviors. Consequently, decriminalizing unintentional looking in situations where forbidding is ineffective does not mean nullifying religious rulings, but rather prioritizing interests and harms, and giving precedence to secondary rulings over primary ones—an approach that can inform preventive criminal policy in Islamic societies.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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